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Sagittarius: The Adventurer Searching for Deeper Meaning in Life

Sagittarius is a masculine fire sign ruled by Jupiter. It rules the 9th House, the Higher Mind & the Search for Meaning.

Jupiter is associated with long-distance travel, both physically and through expansion of our mind, spirit, and how we live a meaningful life. This influence of Jupiter is seen in Sagittarians’ love of world travel as well as religion, politics, and philosophy.

Sagittarians are Well Liked People

It’s hard not to like Sagittarians, for their openness, generosity, and sociable nature. They are deep thinkers in search of universal wisdom, attracting them to philosophy and religion. Their minds can grasp both the details and the bigger picture: they can think with intellectual precision but also intuitively. That unusual combination of thinking skills allows them to be at the forefront of creative ideas.

They are idealistic and care about the state of the world, leading them to take up vocations in medicine, education, religion, and politics. They need to be highly independent in their work and in their personal lives. They love to travel to widen their horizon and they are fascinated by other cultures.

Sagittarians are blessed to live active, successful lives. Everything about them is expansive: their outgoing personalities, good fortune, sense of humor, optimism, leadership qualities, sense of adventure, and constant quest for knowledge. They love their freedom and independence. They are the ultimate high-energy free spirits—a true fire sign. They easily inspire and motivate others.

The main challenge for Sagittarians is to focus on their most important goals and passions among all that attracts their interest, and channel their boundless energy in those well-defined directions. They also need to apply their need for freedom in a way that allows them to achieve their goals. In other words, Sagittarians can benefit from a dose of self-discipline and focus, especially in their relationships, career, and finances.

How Gemstones Can Enhance Your Sagittarius Experience

Gemstones are the perfect way for Sagittarians to bring focus and balance into their lives.

Gemstones have both physical and metaphysical qualities that can enhance all aspects of your well-being. The perfectly aligned crystal structure of gemstones creates an energy field that interacts with our own when you hold it or wear it on your body. In this way, the gemstone can be used to calm you, bring you mental clarity, increase your energy, enhance your creativity, and much more.

Astrology and Healing Gemstones

Astrological principles manifest at all levels of creation, from the largest bodies in the cosmos to the tiniest particles of atoms—all are part of the same network of universal energy. Based on the hermetic principle “As above, so below,” those universal principles allow us to read relations among the planets and extrapolate those principles to things here on Earth, to events in our lives, as well as to our natural environment. The universal principles that govern the planets are also seen on the much smaller level of gemstones, crystals, and metals.

The Signature of Gemstones

Each gemstone is associated with specific planets. You are already aware that each planet has its own personality in astrology. And each gemstone has a personal “signature”—specific metaphysical qualities, different for each stone, that arise from the stone’s association with its planets based on their individual color, crystal structure as well as the chemical composition. In this article we will talk about one of the true birthstones for Sagittarians which is Lapis Lazuli. You can find more articles on true birthstones in my birthstone series for the other astrological signs of the zodiac on my website or on articlesbase.

How to Make Gemstones Work for You

By considering the individual signature of gemstones, you can select the right gems for very specific purposes, according to their astrological qualities.

All Gemstones can be used in three different ways:

They are precious objects of beauty that may hold a special meaning for us. We enjoy their beauty by giving them a special place on a shelf, desk, or altar. They can be used in meditation by tuning into their frequency for the purpose of balancing our energy field. They can be made into jewelry pieces for our pleasure, enhancing our individual expression of beauty and sense of empowerment. I call those pieces of power soul jewelry.

As you can tell I am very passionate about healing gems and all the different applications of those enchanting allies to raise your frequency for balance and more joy. I have written a book about my over 30 years experience in the field of healing gemstones, meaningful jewelry and astrology.

You can learn more about the metaphysical properties of 67 different gemstones through my book Jewelry and Gems for Self-Discovery: Choosing Gemstones that Delight the Eyes & Strengthen the Soul I teach you about astrology and how to read the blue print of your own chart. If you know where your challenges are, you can then take steps to support or balance yourself with your 12 personal healing gemstones. Jewelry and Gems for Self-Discovery is a treasure chest of ideas about Soul Jewelry; on how to select, purchase, and wear jewelry that will enhance your body, heart, mind, and soul.

Sagittarian Lapis Lazuli: A Gemstone for Focus and Peace of Mind [1]

“Lapis Lazuli is one of the true gemstones of Sagittarius. It is composed of different minerals and therefore some gem experts consider it to not be a mineral, but a rock with Lazurite as its main ingredient. This opaque blue stone is not very hard—its Mohs’ hardness is only 5 to 6, making it easy to carve and cut. For that reason it has been used in jewelry since ancient times. In Egypt it was considered a sacred stone and was used in jewelry and sacred objects like scarabs. To me the most beautiful Lapis is dark blue with spots of golden pyrite, which makes it a very unique-looking specimen. Lapis should be set in gold.

The best and darkest quality Lapis Lazuli is found in Afghanistan. Deposits in Chile and Russia yield lighter blue stones with whitish or grayish veins.

Lapis brings us peace of mind. In a relaxed state of mind we develop a realistic and compassionate acceptance of things as they are. While most blue gemstones used in jewelry are translucent, Lapis is opaque, a quality that helps us achieve a concreteproblem-solving orientation, supporting a very practical mind that focuses on the task at hand and deals with it, rather than being distracted by extraneous worries.”

I wish you a very enchanted journey into the mysterious world of healing gemstones and looking at them in a new way! If you enjoyed this article and my perspective on things, I like to invite you to also visit my Astrological Signs Weather Report & Healing Gems Blog where I discuss the actual, universal, astrological forces and the special powers of gemstones and inspire you to use them wisely for a more successful and joyful life.

Aloha and many blessings, Shakti.

Shakti Carola Navran: astrologer, jeweler and author

[1]Adapted from Jewelry and Gems for Self-Discovery: Choosing Gemstones That Delight the Eye & Strengthen the Soul © 2008 by Shakti Carola Navran. Llewellyn Worldwide, Ltd. 2143 Wooddale Drive, Woodbury, MN 55125-2989. All rights reserved, used by permission of the publisher.

MARS IN GENERAL:

Mars the planet of energy and the Universal Lord, has many effects to give depending on its placement and specially upto 10 degrees in each sign. The effects have to be seen with reference to the Lord of the sign, Nakshtra in which it gets placed etc. though totality of the horoscope need to be considered but here the effects of Mars upto 10 degrees only shall be considered.

Mars in each house and each sign gives different results but extent of each sign/house is upto 30 degrees. But, the effects of Mars in each sign upto 10 degrees shall be discussed.

Mars, which precedes Jupiter in heavens and performs his course in one years (to be more precise three hundred twenty two days and 8 hours). Mars is a hot, dry, fiery, nocturnal and violent planet.

The exaltation point for Mars is 28 degrees in Capricorn (sign of Saturn). It rules over two signs i.e. Aries and Scorpio, Mars, when nearer to earth, frequent murders and atrocities are indicated. Retrograde Mars gives rise to more robberies and other calamities.

With regard to individuals, the true Martial type gives a strong, well-set bony, lean and a muscular body, rudy complexion and sharp based eyes, violent countenance – most of the persons in police /army /military have strong Mars. An unaffiliated Mars gives the native quick mental energy and extra-ordinary muscular strength – the native is ambitious and achieves his ambition. But, afflicted Mars made the native reckless, lavish, criminal, thief, perverted in sexual life etc.

NOW KNOW ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF MARS UPTO 10 DEGREE IN EACH SIGN:

MARS IN ARIES UPTO 10 DEGREE.

Mars is in own sign but in the Nakshtra of Ketu i.e. Aswini. Such natives, depending becoming Doctors including dental surgeons chemical engineers, Ayurveda Doctors etc. attains high degree of mathematics and engineering specially upto 3.20 degrees. But Mars in 3.20 to 6.40 degrees changes and poverty/ childlessness is indicated. The natives have Mars from 6.40 to 10 degrees improves and specially with the aspect of the Sun gives the native health, wealth and happy married life.

Mars, a natural malefic, placed in Aswini creates more heat and the power will be used depending on the association/ aspect of benefic/ malefic planet.

With Sagittarius rising, Sri Swami Vivekananda had Mars in Aries (7.46 degrees). But for the aspect of Jupiter, his tremendous energy (aggressive influence) might not have been directed in a spiritual channel. Another notable person of his time Sir Ashotosh Mukherjee had Mars in Aries (2.39 degrees) and chandramangla and Gajkesari yoga accounted for his bull-dog expressions.

MARS IN TAURUS UPTO 10 DEGREES.

Mars in the sign of Venus but in the Nakshtra of the sun kritika. Accordingly results have to be deduced from Mars. Venus and Sun. the native is social, generous and hospitable but may suffer from eye trouble, throat trouble and such natives specially born – 03.20 degrees. Mars in Taurus from 3.20 degrees to 6.40 degrees gives the native benefit form Govt. jewellery etc. and will have a smooth profession. Success to such natives come after marriage. Mars from 6.40 to 10.00 degrees in Taurus gives soft body, maximum enjoyment in life, earning from sales of medicine and explosives. Beneficial aspect on Mars in this segment may give two wives. In the case of a notable person Augustus Caesar, Mars was in Taurus (9.25) degrees and 7th Lord gave two marriages.

MARS IN GEMINI UPTO 10 DEGREES.

Mars is in the sign of Mercury but in the Nakshtra of Mrigsara (00.00 to 6.40) and then in Ardra (ruled by Rahu – 6.40 to 10.00 degrees). See the blending of planets and Nakshtras i.e. Mercury, Mars and Rahu. With Mars upto 3.20 degrees in Gemini, the native may have moderate income-may be an orator with a musical voice. Shy but devoted to mother Mars in Gemini from 3.20 to 6.40 degrees give happy married life but suffers from paternal grief and also from frequent illness of wife. Throat trouble is also indicated. However Mars in Gemini from 6.40 to 10.00 degrees make the native fond of poetry and also wager to live in foreign countries. Sickness of wife is also indicated. The notable person Sri Thyagaraj had Mars in Gemini (4.9 degrees) who was stated to be short tempered in young life and was known to be great Musicians. Intellectual aristocracy, had Mars in Gemini just at 1.36 degrees.

MARS IN CANCER UPTO 10 DEGREES.

Mars in Cancer (ruler- the Moon) rises in Pushya Nakshtra (ruled by Saturn) and also in Ashlesha (6.40 to 10.00 degrees). For Mars in Cancer upto 10.00 degrees, results have to be taken from Mars, the Moon Saturn and Mercury. Mars in Cancer upto 3.20 degrees produces men with philosophical mind, interested in geology/ mineralogy/ metaphysics – some of such person settle in foreign land with Mars from 3.20 to 6.40 degrees, medical expenses on mother, disappointment in love affairs specially upto 25 years of age and love marriage at about 27 years. Interrupted education is also indicated. Persons born with Mars in Cancer from 6.40 to 10.00 degrees should be careful from injuries on the head specially by iron and steel. Drug peddlers and smugglers, thieves including persons borrowing money with the intention of not retuning are under the influence of Mars in this segment. Karl Marx had Mars in Cancer just at 0.58 degrees.

MARS IN LEO UPTO 10 DEGREES.

Mars in the friendly sign Leo ruled by the Sun falls in Magha Nakshtra ruled by Ketu and also in Poorvaphalguni ruled by Venus. Mars in Leo upto 3.20 degrees is capable of giving high degree of intelligence and high Govt position but may not enjoy married life happily. The native may suffer form acute jaundice or asthama. With Mars from 3.20 to 6.40 degrees, the native has to be careful form poison due to worn medicine. Litigation is also indicated. Employment in defense or police department is indicated, also as an engineer / mechanic and some of such persons will be wealthy holding even Ministership if Mars is in Leo from 6.40 to 10.00 degrees. The known person Chittaranjan Das had Mars in Leo at 3.14 degree – Lagna (Scorpio) Lord Mars in the 10th house gets deified position. Blending of Mars and Venus influences gave a sound body and a sound mind.

MARS IN VIRGO UPTO 10 DEGREES.

Mars in Hasta (Virgo) influences the native from Mars, moon and Mercurry. The native may have Fovt. Job and may rise to a middle level position after problems for piles also indicated specially when Mars is rising between 3.20 to 6.40 degrees. This Mars in 6.40 to 10.000 degrees takes the native to printing and typing works. May also suffer from Asthma or paralysis.

Further, Mars (3.20 to 6.40 degrees) make the natives good office managers, accountants, cashiers and trusted employees. Mars (6.40 to 10.00 degrees) produces authors and lawyers (specially on the criminal side). Like to travel by air or by sea. Strange love affairs are indicated at the ages of 26 and 29 and some of them may take to drinks. To be careful from scandals.

MARS IN LIBRA UPTO 10 DEGREES.

With Mars in Libra, results will have to be deduced from Mars, Venus and Rahu (Nakshtra-wise Chitra is ruled by Mars and Swati is ruled by Rahu). Native may prone to gastro-enteritis, hernia etc. the native, with Mars (upto 6.40 degrees) gets moderate wealth but is capable of destroying inherited property on account of association of some mean women or wrong company. With medium type of education, the native may not tise to a high level, sales-men, clerks are seen in this segment of Mars. With Mars (6.40 to 10.00 degrees), the expenditure of the native may exceed his income. Overall unhappy existence, regard for none, suffering much grief on account of women etc are indicated. Native with Mars in Libra must be careful in their conduct. Defect in body is also indicated. Abarham Lincoln had Mars in Libra 5.46 degrees. Mars aspecting 4th house had a role in his assignation.

MARS IN SCORPIO UTPO 10 DEGREES.

Mars in Scorpio would be in Visakha upto 3.20 and in Anuradha ruled by Saturn upto 10 degrees. Results have thus to be taken from Mars, (Scorpio is owned by Mars), Jupiter and Saturn. With interrupted education, miseries upto the age of 30 or so when Mars is upto 3.20 degrees, with Mars in Scorpio upto 6.40 degrees, depending on position of Saturn and The Sun, the native may be a liar and capable of committing all sorts of sins and suffer from mental imbalance. Such natives either artisan or metallurgist and connected professions. Mars upto 10 degrees take the native to business of leather good or pottery, security services (body-guard) of VIPs who may discard him in odl age. Among the notable persons, Sri Narasimha Bharati had Mars in Scorpio at 6.55 degrees (Libra Lagna) and might have contributed to assume a position of public authority in matters of spiritualism and religion.

MARS IN SAGGITARIUS UPTO 10 DEGREES.

Mars upto 10 degrees would be under the influence of Ketu (Mula Nakshtra), Ketu is a kin to Mars. A self-made man – well known in business circles, independent in thinking (not to remain in subordinate position). Such natives have to be careful about accidendts specially at the age of 35/36. Rather even in early childhood, such natives have to be careful about accidents specially at the age of 35/36. rather even in early childhood, such  natives can receive severe burn injuries at the age of 6/7.

MARS IN CAPRICORN UPTO 10 DEGREES.

This position of Mars falls in the sign of Saturn but in the Nakshtra Uttara Ashada ruled by the Sun. the native may connected with machines, industry and education may be obstructed for one reason or the other. Normally father’s trade will suit the native in case Mars is upto 3.20 degrees. Mars in this segment upto 6.40 degrees gives long life and also inherited property and Mars upto 10 degrees in Capricorn also gives fixed religious ideas, inclination for occult study and also capacity for intensive reading. Some of the natives with this position of Mars also become king or equal to them i.e. the present day Prime Ministers/President. Emperor Nero had Mars in Capricorn at 1.2 degrees with Rahu and Venus (Lagna Saggitarius).

MARS IN AQUARIUS UPTO 10 DEGREES.

Mars in this sign of Saturn would be influenced by Mars itself and also by Rahu (Dhanishta is a owned by Mars and Satbhisha is owned by Rahu). With Mars upto 3.20 degrees, the native gets long life upto 76 years or so but frequent sickness cannot be ruled out. Natives are normally intelligent and Mars in 3.20 to 6.40 degrees gives good luck, health and happiness. Some of the natives neglect their families’ upto the age of 35 or so and then ratifies. Enmity between father and son is also indicated. Natives with Mars from 6.40 to 10 degrees have to be careful from bad people surrounding them. If away from bad company, the native will have good character and would be respected. He would be a generous fellow and devoted towards relatives and friends. Some of persons with Mars in this segment upto 6.40 degrees have turned out to be astrologers/astronomers. They love music and cultivates the society of actors and actresses.

MARS IN PISCES UPTO 10 DEGREES.

Mars in this segment shall be governed by Jupiter and Saturn. Uttarbhadrapad falls in the domain of Saturn. With Mars upto 3.20 degrees, the native may be involved in works connected with metal or mechanical engineering, building construction work and even in sale of meat (including export of meat products). Unless Mars is not afflicted, the native earns good wealth and lives happily. But a Mars upto 6.40 degree makes the native to wander in distant lands (foreign countries). Loss of money through deceit is also indicated and some of the natives may be discarded by his family. Even position of Mars in this segment upto 10 degree is not good. Suffering sorrows on various accounts and selfish disposition is indicated. Does not respect elders. Such a native in general also like music, singing and running after mysterious things. The Great Sri Adi Shankeracharya had Mars in Pisces at 3.36 degrees.

From the above discussion it is abundantly clear that Mars upto 10 degrees in any sign gives different results. It will also be apt to say that different result are indicated when Mars in its sign or in Mooltrikona sign. Mars has his Mooltrikona in the Aries upto 18 degrees. Similarly, the effects of Mars in its exaltation sign would be different as against its debilitated position. The Sun is exalted in Aries (Sign of Mars) at 10 degrees. Mars is representative of Commander-in-chief (Senapati) in planetar

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Week 1

History

Monday, Day 1

The Alphabet

In circa 2000 BC, the Egyptian pharaohs realized they had a problem. With each military victory over their neighbors, they captured and enslaved more prisoners of war. But the Egyptians could not pass down written orders to these slaves as they could not read hieroglyphics.

Early writing systems, such as Egyptian hieroglyphics, were extremely cumbersome and difficult to learn. These systems had thousands of characters, with each symbol representing an idea or word. Memorizing them could take years. Only a handful of Egyptians could actually read and write their complicated script.

Linguists believe that almost all modern alphabets are derived from the simplified version of hieroglyphics devised by the Egyptians four thousand years ago to communicate with their slaves. The development of an alphabet, the writing system used throughout the Western world, changed the way the ancients communicated.

In the simplified version, each character represented only a sound. This innovation cut back the number of characters from a few thousand to a few dozen, making it far easier to learn and use the characters. The complicated hieroglyphic language was eventually forgotten, and scholars were not able to translate the characters until the discovery of the Rosetta stone in 1799.

The alphabet was extremely successful. When the Egyptian slaves eventually migrated back to their home countries, they took the writing system with them. The alphabet spread across the Near East, becoming the foundation for many writing systems in the area, including Hebrew and Arabic. The Phoenicians, an ancient civilization of seaborne traders, spread the alphabet to the tribes they encountered along the Mediterranean coast. The Greek and Roman alphabets, in turn, were based on the ancient Phoenician script. Today most Western languages, including English, use the Roman alphabet.

Additional Facts

Several letters in modern-day English are direct descendents of ancient Egyptian characters. For instance, the letter B derives from the Egyptian character for the word house.

The most recent edition of the Oxford English Dictionary contains 171,476 words in current usage, among the most of any language.

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Literature

Tuesday, Day 2

Ulysses

James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922) is widely regarded as the greatest novel written in English in the twentieth century. It retells Homer’s Odyssey in the context of a single day — June 16, 1904 — in Dublin, Ireland, recasting Homer’s great hero Odysseus in the unlikely guise of Leopold Bloom, an aging, cuckolded ad salesman who spends the day running errands and making various business appointments before he returns home at long last.

Though Bloom seems unassuming and ordinary, he emerges as a heroic figure, displaying compassion, forgiveness, and generosity toward virtually everyone in the odd cast of characters he meets. In his mundane and often unnoticed deeds, he practices an everyday heroism that is perhaps the only heroism possible in the modern world. And despite the fact that he always feels like an outsider — he is a Jew in overwhelmingly Catholic Ireland — Bloom remains optimistic and dismisses his insecurities.

Ulysses is celebrated for its incredibly rich portraits of characters, its mind-boggling array of allusions to other literary and cultural works, and its many innovations with language. Throughout the course of the novel, Joyce flirts with literary genres and forms ranging from drama to advertising copy to Old English. The novel is perhaps most famous for its extensive use of stream-of-consciousness narrative — Joyce’s attempt to render the inner thoughts of his characters exactly as they occur, with no effort to impose order or organization. This technique became a hallmark of modernist literature and influenced countless other writers, such as Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner, who also experimented with it in their works.

Not surprisingly, Ulysses poses a difficult journey for the reader, especially its famous last chapter, which recounts the thoughts of Bloom’s wife, Molly. Molly’s reverie goes on for more than 24,000 words yet is divided into only eight mammoth sentences. Despite the challenge it poses, the chapter shows Joyce at his most lyrical, especially in the final lines, which reaffirm Molly’s love for her husband despite her infidelity:

and then he asked me would I yes to say yes my mountain flower and first I put my arms around him yes and drew him down to me so he could feel my breasts all perfume yes and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.

Additional Fact

Ulysses was banned for obscenity in the United States for nearly twelve years because of its (mostly indirect) sexual imagery.

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Visual Arts

Wednesday, Day 3

Lascaux Cave Paintings

The cave paintings at Lascaux are among the earliest known works of art. They were discovered in 1940 near the village of Montignac in central France when four boys stumbled into a cave. Inside they found a series of rooms with nearly 1,500 paintings of animals that were between 15,000 and 17,000 years old.

There are several theories regarding the function of the paintings. A natural feature of the cave may have suggested the shape of an animal to a prehistoric observer who then added highlights to relay his vision to others. Since many of the paintings are located in inaccessible parts of the cave, they may have been used for magical practices. Possibly, prehistoric people believed that the act of drawing animals, especially with a high degree of accuracy, would bring the beasts under their control or increase their numbers in times of scarcity.

The animals are outlined or portrayed in silhouette. They are often shown in what is called twisted perspective, that is, with their heads in profile but their horns facing front. Many of the images include dots, linear patterns, and other designs that may carry symbolic meaning.

The most magnificent chamber of the cave, known as the Great Hall of the Bulls, contains a painted narrative. From left to right, the pictures depict the chase and capture of a bison herd.

As soon as the paintings had been examined and identified as Paleolithic, the caves were opened to the public in 1948. By 1955, however, it became increasingly evident that exposure to as many as 1,200 visitors per day was taking its toll on the works inside. Although protective measures were taken, the site closed in 1963. In order to satisfy public demand, a life-sized replica of the cave was completed in 1983, only 200 meters from the original.

Additional Facts

The cave painters were conscious of visual perspective; they painted figures high on the wall, styled so that they would not appear distorted to the viewer below.

The only human figure depicted in the cave appears in the Shaft of the Dead Man. The fact that it is drawn more crudely than the animals suggest that they did not think it was endowed with magical properties.

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Science

Thursday, Day 4

Cloning

In 1997, a baby sheep named Dolly introduced the world to reproductive cloning. She was a clone because she and her mother shared the same nuclear DNA; in other words, their cells carried the same genetic material. They were like identical twins reared generations apart.

Scientists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland created Dolly by a process called nuclear transfer. Taking the genetic material from an adult donor cell, they transferred it into an unfertilized egg whose genetic material had been removed. In Dolly’s case, the donor cell came from the mammary gland of a six-year-old Finn Dorset ewe. The researchers then gave the egg an electric shock, and it began dividing into an embryo.

One of the reasons Dolly’s creation was so astounding was that it proved to the scientific community that a cell taken from a specialized part of the body could be used to create a whole new organism. Before Dolly, almost all scientists believed that once a cell became specialized it could only produce other specialized cells: A heart cell could only make heart cells, and a liver cell could only make liver cells. But Dolly was made entirely from a cell extracted from her mother’s mammary gland, proving that specialized cells could be completely reprogrammed.

In many ways, Dolly was not like her mother. For example, her telomeres were too short. Telomeres are thin strands of protein that cap off the ends of chromosomes, the structures that carry genes. Although no one is sure exactly what telomeres do, they seem to help protect and repair our cells. As we age, our telomeres get shorter and shorter. Dolly received her mother’s six-year-old telomeres, so from birth, Dolly’s telomeres were shorter than the average lamb her age. Although Dolly appeared to be mostly normal, she was put to sleep in 2004 at the age of six, after suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. The average Finn Dorset sheep lives to age eleven or twelve.

Additional Facts

Since 1997, cattle, mice, goats, and pigs have been successfully cloned using nuclear transfer.

The success rate for cloning is very low in all species. Published studies report that about 1 percent of reconstructed embryos survive birth. But since unsuccessful attempts largely go unreported, the actual number might be much lower.

Before she died, Dolly was the mother of six lambs, all bred the old-fashioned way.

A group of Korean researchers claimed to have cloned a human embryo in 1998, but their experiment was terminated at the 4-cell stage, so there was no evidence of their success.

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Music

Friday, Day 5

The Basics

Music is organized sound that can be replicated through imitation or notation. Music is distinct from noise in that the sounds of a door creaking open or fingernails on a blackboard are irregular and disorganized. The sound waves that map these noises are complex and cannot be heard as identifiable pitches.

Some of the basic ways that we analyze musical sounds are:

Pitch: How high or how low a sound is to the ear. Pitch is measured technically by the frequency of a sound wave, or how often waves repeat themselves. In western music there are twelve unique pitches (C, C-sharp or D-flat, D, D-sharp or E-flat, E, F, F-sharp or G-flat, G, G-sharp or A-flat, A, A-sharp or B-flat, and B). The pitches followed by sharps or flats are called accidentals, and they are most easily described as the black keys on the piano keyboard. They are located musically, one half step between the two pitches on either side of them. For example, D-sharp and E-flat have the same pitch. When referring to pitches in the context of notated, or written music, they are called notes.

Scale: A stepwise arrangement of pitches (for example, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C) that often serves as the basis for a melody. A piece, or a portion of a piece, will often use only notes found in a particular scale. Western music primarily uses the major scale or the minor scale, in one form or another. To most people, the major scale, because of its particular arrangement of pitches, has the quality of sounding “bright,” “happy,” or “positive.” A minor scale, likewise, is usually described as “dark,” “sad,” or “pessimistic.”

Key: An arrangement or system of pitches, usually based on one of the major or minor scales, that is meant to serve as a reference point and a guiding force of a melody. The tonic of a key is often the starting and ending point for a piece written in a particular key — so if a piece is in E major, then the pitch E will serve as the piece’s tonal center.

Additional Facts

All of these basic elements can be notated on the staff, which is a repeating of five parallel horizontal lines. Often it is divided into measures to indicate metric divisions in the piece and marked at the beginning of each staff of the page with a clef to indicate reference points for identifying pitches.

When a piece strays from its basic key, this is called modulation. Keys are indicated in written music by a key signature at the beginning of each staff.

There are hundreds of scales used in the world’s many different musical cultures. In India, music played on the sitar and other instruments chooses pitches from a collection of twenty-two possibilities, with the distances between scale steps sometimes larger and sometimes smaller than those used in Western music. This can make differences between pitches extremely subtle and demands a high virtuosity from Indian classical musicians.

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Philosophy

Saturday, Day 6

Appearance and Reality

Throughout its history, one of the great themes of philosophy has been the distinction between appearance and reality. This distinction was central to the thought of the earliest philosophers, called the Presocratics, because they lived before Socrates.

The Presocratics believed that the ultimate nature of reality was vastly different from the way it ordinarily appeared to them. For instance, one philosopher named Thales held that appearances notwithstanding, all reality was ultimately composed of water; Heraclitus thought the world was built from fire. Further, Heraclitus maintained that everything was constantly in motion. Another thinker, Parmenides, insisted that nothing actually moved and that all apparent motion was an illusion.

The Presocratics took seriously the possibility that all of reality was ultimately made up of some more fundamental substance. And they suspected that uncritical, everyday observation tends to present us with a misleading picture of the world. For these reasons, their thinking is often considered a precursor to modern science as well as philosophy.

Many later philosophers — including Plato, Spinoza, and Leibniz — followed in this tradition and presented alternative models of reality, which they claimed were closer to the truth than ordinary, commonsense views of the world.

Additional Facts

The distinction between appearance and reality is also central to the venerable philosophical tradition known as skepticism.

Immanuel Kant also addressed the difference between appearance and reality. He distinguished between things we experience and what he called a “thing-in-itself.”

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Religion

Sunday, Day 7

Torah

The Torah is the name generally given to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, or the Five Books of Moses. Christians refer to these books as the Old Testament. The word Torah can also refer to the entire breadth of Jewish law encompassing several texts as well as oral traditions.

The Five Books of Moses are the basis for the 613 laws that govern the Jewish faith, and they are the foundation for the world’s three great monotheistic faiths — Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. They are as follows:

Genesis: Tells the story of creation as well as the history of the Israelites, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and their families

Exodus: Recounts the exodus from Egypt to Canaan, including Moses receiving the Ten Commandments

Leviticus: Contains the rules and practices of worship

Numbers: Relates the journey of the Israelites in the wilderness

Deuteronomy: Consists of speeches made by Moses at the end of his life that recount Israelite history and ethical teachings

The five books are traditionally believed to have been given to Moses on Mount Sinai. Alternative theories claim the beginning of the Torah was given on Mount Sinai but that the revelation continued throughout Moses’s life.

Historically, archaeologists have argued that the Torah was written sometime between the tenth and sixth centuries BC. Proponents of the Documentary Hypothesis, which according to Orthodox Jews is heretical, claim that the original five books came from four sources, eventually compiled into one by a fifth author or redactor. The arguments in favor of this theory are the multiple names used for God, varying styles of writing. and the repetition of stories.

From the beginning, the Torah was accompanied by an oral tradition, which was necessary for its complete understanding. Although it was thought to be blasphemous to write the oral tradition down, the necessity for doing so eventually became apparent, leading to the creation of the Mishna. Later, as rabbis discussed and debated these two texts, the Talmud was written in order to compile their arguments.

The Jewish tradition uses the text of the Torah to derive innumerable laws and customs. Rabbinic scholars have spent entire lifetimes parsing every word for meaning.

Additional Facts

Torah scrolls written in Hebrew by hand, contain 304,805 letters and may take more than a year to produce by hand. If a single mistake is made, the entire scroll becomes invalid.

Reprinted from: The Intellectual Devotional: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Roam Confidently with the Cultured Class by David S. Kidder & Noah D. Oppenheim © 2006 TID Volumes, LLC. Permission granted by Rodale, Inc., Emmaus, PA 18098. Available wherever books are sold or directly from the publisher by calling at (800) 848-4735.

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When you decide to enroll for these deals and apply for them, the equity release providers or lenders visit your home for a proper supervision to find out what is the actual condition of your household. If it is maintained well, you can easily get a lump sum amount as your income either collectively or on a monthly basis as per your wish. Otherwise, you must be ready for your application to be disapproved. In fact, even if it gets approved, don’t expect it to be a huge earning; it would be a trivial sum. With the rampant increase in the popularity of these equity release concept, numerous schemes have come into focus. Hence, taking expert equity release advice is recommended prior to making any specific choice.

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To make your old age safe and secure, you must have a well-maintained asset to give an assurance to the equity release providers that they are not getting engaged in a loss-incurring deal rather a fruitful one. But again, be careful and follow the equity release advice properly in selecting the programs that best suits your purpose.

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Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is one of the four metropolises of India. The capital city of Tamil Nadu, Chennai is the core of all economic, political, and business activities of the state. Chennai is fast achieving repute for IT as well as industrial development. The city provides a fluid environment for investors and buyers to plunge in and explore in both residential as well as commercial sectors.

The Indian real estate is a budding sector and is a boost to the Indian economy. Chennai’s’ real estate segment is impelled by the residential and the commercial sectors. The booming IT industry plays a major role in the commercial upswing in Chennai.

Chennai real estate is a potential market. Being the fourth largest metropolitan city of India, Chennai houses regional offices of many major corporate houses. It stands amongst the trade capitals of the country.

Chennai’s property trends have witnessed gradual upturns with the establishments of a multitude of IT/I.T.E.S and BPO firms, which have generated a plethora of services, employment opportunities and growth prospects for the population. This has led to a significant rise in the real estate demand. Due to the changing lifestyles of the people as a consequence of immediate developments introduced by the growing urbanization, a considerable rise in the property graphs has been recorded. The real estate segment caters to the land requirements for a huge mass of population.

Property in Chennai and land values is relatively cheaper than the trend followed in other metropolitan cities due to the availability of larger and suitable tracts of unutilized land. Having a vast coastline, the city stands at an advantageous position as compared to the other metro cities of India. With a lucrative investment scope, advanced infrastructure, intellectual talented workforce, sound English language skills enhancing the comprehensive developing environment, Chennai is rapidly emerging as a potential destinations for investors and buyers across the world.

The city is also proceeding to becoming a prime manufacturing hub for electrical and electronic industries as well as for auto components.

Chennai offers a stupendous inflow of real estate developers and builders due to the budding commercial scenario as well as affordable cost of living.

An abode to several multinational firms, Chennai has witnessed considerable growth in the commercial segment. The booming BPO, IT and I.T.E.S industries have played a vital role in amending the real estate market of Chennai, preparing it to adhere to the needs of the upcoming business and financial market.

Equally in step with the commercial sector, Chennai’s residential segment is also on an upswing, further accelerating real estate graphs of the city. The rising trend of luxurious complexes, flats and apartments in Chennai have poised the residential sector, catering to the growing demand for a quality lifestyle.

The progressing commercial market and increasing influx of IT experts have elevated the residential sales, compelling higher investments in the sector by competent builders and buyers.

Chennai is consistently gaining a vantage over neighbouring cities like Bangalore and Hyderabad as a result of better skilled manpower. Multinational companies exhibit a higher interest level in the city due to cheaper lodging facilities and sparse operational costs.

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With the growing commercial opportunities and advancements, Chennai is regarded as the commercial capital of India. The city is extensively emerging as one of the most sought after junctions by foreign buyers and investors, who thrive to make a mark in the Indian real estate.

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What more forces you to buy property in Edinburgh is its world-famous Edinburgh Festival. The time duration of this festival is for three weeks and it take place in each summer. During this time rooms to rent in Edinburgh are always at a premium, as visitors and performers from the UK and abroad flock to Scotland in their thousands.

Edinburgh is home to many renowned historical buildings and has a rich intellectual and cultural heritage. The most striking fact about this city is the eponymous castle, which provides a stunning backdrop to the city’s main thoroughfare, Princes Street. Many visitors visit this city to discover its aesthetic appeal of traditional and contemporary architecture. The combo of traditional and contemporary architecture encourages people to move to Scotland’s iconic capital city both for work and live.

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